Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries

Deficiencies in drinking water distribution systems in developing countries.

Rapidly growing populations and migration to urban areas in developing countries has resulted in a vital need for the establishment of centralized water systems to disseminate potable water to residents. Protected source water and modern, well-maintained drinking water treatment plants can provide water adequate for human consumption. However, ageing, stressed or poorly maintained distribution ...

Arsenic drinking water regulations in developing countries with extensive exposure.

The United States Public Health Service set an interim standard of 50 microg/l in 1942, but as early as 1962 the US Public Health Service had identified 10 microg/l as a goal which later became the World Health Organization Guideline for drinking water in 1992. Epidemiological studies have shown that about one in 10 people drinking water containing 500 microg/l of arsenic over many years may di...

Biofilms in drinking water distribution systems

Fungi Occurrence Assessment in Drinking Water Distribution Systems and Its Relationship with Fecal Indicator Bacteria

Introduction: As recommended by World Health Organization, consumption of the fungal contaminated water does not cause to serious infection, but may lead to healthy or aesthetic problems. The aim of this research was to assess the occurrence of fungi in water and its relationship with fecal indicator bacteria. Materials and Methods: 110 water samples were collected from different location of w...

Survey the Nitrate Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems of Kashan County, Iran

High concentration of nitrate is a prevalent problem in water resources. Untreated wastewater due to municipal, industrial and agricultural activities is the main potential source of nitrate contamination of groundwater and surface water. The maximum permissible level of nitrate concentration has been established to be 45 mg/L by WHO and US–EPA. Health problems, such as Methemoglobinemia in bab...